| Juan Bautista Cabral | |
|---|---|
| Born | c1789 |
| Died | 3 February 1813 (aged c24) San Carlos Convent, San Lorenzo |
| Allegiance | Argentina |
| Rank | Sargeant (posthumous) |
| Unit | Regiment of Mounted Grenadiers |
| Battles/wars | |
Juan Bautista Cabral (ca. 1789 – 3 February 1813) was an Argentine soldier of the Regiment of Mounted Grenadiers who died in the Battle of San Lorenzo, while he was aiding then Colonel José de San Martín, whose horse had fallen to enemy fire. The action of Cabral in this first military confrontation of the Argentine War of Independence gave him lasting fame and a prominent place among Argentine patriots.
Little is known about the life of Cabral. He was possibly from the neighborhood that now bears his name in city of Saladas, Corrientes. He joined the second squadron of the newly formed Granaderos in 1812. According to Pastor Obligado, Cabral's diligence and leadership led to corporal's stripes in December of the same year, and to promotion to sergeant the next year. On the other hand, Bartolomé Mitre (in his Historia de San Martín y de la Emancipación Americana) states that he was a private ("soldado raso") on the date of the battle.
Regardless of his rank, his action took place just after the battle started. The royalist forces (loyal to the Spanish Crown) had sailed up the Paraná River and landed on San Lorenzo, Santa Fe. Enemy fire overturned San Martín's horse, trapping the colonel beneath it, while the royalists drew close charging with bayonets. Cabral dismounted and assisted San Martín. The exact details have been embellished to the point that it is impossible to say how much risk he took. Some versions have Cabral placing himself between the bayonets and San Martín, which is doubtful. In any event, Cabral was critically wounded, and he died in the refectory of the neighboring San Carlos Convent, which was used as a field hospital. On his deathbed he said "I die happy, General; we have beaten the enemy."
According to Mitre, the rank of sergeant was given him posthumously due to meritorious actions in the battle. Argentine history has made him a national hero, and there are many monuments erected in his honor. The March of San Lorenzo, by C. J. Benielli, is dedicated to him, and is taught in primary school. The famous Paraguayan composer and guitar virtuoso Augustin Barrios Mangoré composed a piece dedicated to the memory of him called Sargento Cabral. The Argentine Army's school for NCOs is named in his honour.